Yürütülen çalışmada sürdürülebilir kaynaklardan çevre dostu biyopolimerlerin elde edilmesi ve biyomalzeme olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, sığır aşil tendonundan kollajen, ipek böceği kozasından fibroin, kahverengi deniz alglerinden sodyum alginat ve aloe vera jelinden biyoaktif bileşenler izole edilerek saflaştırılmıştır. Ürün verimi kollajen, fibroin, sodium alginat ve aloe vera için sırasıyla %79.8 (w/w), %69.49 (w/w kozadan), %35.1 (w/w) ve %1 (w/v jeldeki kuru miktar) oranında hesaplanmıştır. Bu biyomoleküllerden dondurarak kurutma yöntemi ile doku iskeleleri hazırlanmıştır. Ancak, aloe vera jeli katı formada yapı bütünlüğünü koruyamayarak 3-boyutlu iskele yapı oluşturamamıştır. Fibroin, kollajen ve sodyum alginat iskelelerin FTIR analizleri ürünlerin saf olarak elde edildiğini, liyoflizasyon sırasında kimyasal yapının korunduğunu göstermiştir. SEM ile yüzey analizleri ise iskelelerin doku mühendisliği uygulamaları için uygun olduğunu desteklemiştir. Sonuç olarak, petrol kaynaklı polimer yerine sürdürülebilir kaynaklardan, genel olarak oda şartlarında bioaktif polimerler yüksek verimle elde edilmiş ve biyomalzeme olarak kullanılabilecekleri belirlenmiştir. Biyomoleküllerin bu şekilde sürdürülebilir kaynaklardan elde edilmesi hem hammadde sorununun hem de polimer kaynaklı çevresel kirliliğin çözümünde önemli potansiyele sahiptir.

In this study, it was aimed to optimize the ultrasonic rehydration conditions of dried tomatoes. Rehydration conditions were optimized by Response Surface Method (RSM). The optimization of ultrasonic (37 kHz) rehydration conditions were performed with independent variables at different temperatures (20-80°C), time (2-60 min) and water ratios (1/50-1/100 g/g water), and rehydration ability, color a* (redness) and texture values were selected as responses (dependent variable). The estimated and experimental analysis results were compared in the selection of the optimum rehydration condition. As a result, it was determined that ultrasonic rehydration at 58°C/54 min/72 ml water conditions could be used as the optimum point. At the selected optimum point, the rehydration ability, color a* value and texture values were determined as 2.82±0.16, 13.09 ±1.63 and 0.46±0.13 N, respectively. These results are seen as proof that ultrasound application can be used in the rehydration of dried tomatoes.

Pestil is one of the important foods traditionally produced in Türkiye, with high energy, vitamin and mineral content. It is obtained by naturally drying the pulp obtained from different kinds of fruits after mixing it with ingredients such as sugar and flour. In regions where the fruiting period depends on the season, fruit pulp is produced in order to benefit from it in winter. In addition, bioactive components originating from the fruit increase the nutritional value. In this study, the physicochemical and antioxidative properties of the pestil obtained from three different Hawthorn fruits (Crataegus meyeri, Crataegus turkestenica and Crataegus orientalis) known to have positive effects on health were investigated. The results revealed that, depending on the fruit type, pestil samples have high antioxidative properties (IC50: 50.11±0.16-52.1±2.14 mg/mL) due to the high phenol content (39.8±0.16-52.95±1.21 mg GA/g DW). In this context, in the present study, it has been seen that the pestil prepared with the traditional method from three different Hawthorn fruits should be industrially produced as a product for people to access healthy and various foods today.

Assessing the suitability of soils for agricultural production is critical in promoting sustainable agriculture. Knowledge gained from soil suitability analysis provides the sound basis for making informed decisions about soil management and crop selection in a given area. In view of this, this study was carried out to assess the physical suitability of soils in the Libga Irrigation Scheme for the sustainable cultivation of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius), tomato (Solanum lycoperscum L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata). Soil samples were collected at 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm depths from 50 geo-referenced points located at the nodes of a 100 m × 100 m regular grid. Particle size distribution, bulk density, total porosity, field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, electrical conductivity and pH were determined following standard laboratory protocols at the AGSSIP Laboratory of the University for Development Studies, Nyankpala campus, Ghana. Weighting of soil properties was achieved through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Soil suitability maps for the selected crops were produced using weighted overlay analysis in ArcGIS (10.5). The results showed that generally about 44.3 ha (76.4 %), 44.7 ha (82.2 %) and 55.7 ha (96.0 %) of the irrigation field are moderately suitable for jute mallow, tomato and cabbage production respectively. The major limiting factors for the crops were high BD and acidity levels. The AHP proved to be a very useful tool for the incorporation of farmers’ views into decision making about the suitability of soils for crop production.

Milk is an important food substance and has a complex polydisperse system. The main components of milk consist of lactose, protein, and lipids. Mineral substances and vitamins are also present in milk as minor nutrients. Lactose known as milk sugar is the only carbohydrate in milk and it consists of glucose and galactose. The content of lactose in milk has varied according to milk types. Moreover, it is the most important energy source during the first years of human life, providing almost half of the total energy needed by newborns. Lactose is obtained industrially from the residues of cheese and casein production processes. Lactulose, lactitol, lactobionic acid, galactooligosaccharide, lactosucrose, epilactose, and tagatose are commonly known lactose derivatives. These derivates are produced from lactose using various methods such as epimerization, oxidation, and reduction. In this review, up-to-date information about lactose, lactose derivatives, and the production methods of lactose derivatives are given.

The common name for Viburnum opulus in Türkiye is "gilaburu". Despite its bitter and acrid taste, it is consumed as fruit juice or products such as jam, marmalade, jelly. They have antioxidant properties as they contain high levels of phytocompounds such as anthocyanin, phenolics, triterpenoids and vitamins. In the study, the fruits of V. opulus grown in Sivas, Kayseri and Yozgat villages were found to contain palmitic acid (C 16:0), oleic acid (C 18:1), linoleic acid (C 18:2), myristic acid (C 14:0), palmitoleic acid (C 16:1), stearic acid (C 18:0), heptadesanoic acid (C17:1), eicosenoic acid (C 20:1), eicosadienoic acid (C 20:2), lauric acid (C 12: 0), margaric acid (C 17:0), pentadecanoic acid (C 15:0), caprylic acid (C 8:0) and gincoloic acid (C 15:1) were examined. In the study, it was observed that the dominant fatty acids were palmitic acid (C 16:0), oleic acid (C 18:1) and linoleic acid (C 18:2). Similarly, in the examples, lauric acid (C 12:0), margaric acid (C 17:0), pentadecanoic acid (C 15:0), caprylic acid (C 8:0) and gincoloic acid (C 15:1) found in trace amounts.

Effects of different drying temperatures (45, 55, and 65°C) on drying kinetic parameters, physical quality attributes, and contents of bioactive compounds of strawberry samples were investigated by a pilot scale cabin dryer with air circulation. The diffusion coefficient of water was determined between (Deff) 3.69-9.75 (m2/s) × 10-10, while the diffusion activation energy (Ea) was calculated as 43.42 kJ/mol. Significant changes were observed in color parameters (L*, a*, b*, C*, Hue* and ∆E*) depending on the drying temperature. It has been determined that strawberry is an important source of phenolics and contains high amounts of three anthocyanin compounds and ellagic acid. The most abundant anthocyanin compound in strawberry samples was identified as pelargonidin-3-glucoside (80.26 mg/100g DM), and followed by pelargonidin-3-rutinoside (7.72 mg/100g KM) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (5.08 mg/100g KM). On the other hand, ellagic acid content was determined as the highest in the dried strawberries (23.11-37.04 mg/100g DM) after different drying temperatures. It is concluded that moderate temperatures (

An experiment was carried out at the ICAR-KVK Research farm, HansRoever Campus, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India during the Kharif season (July to October), 2020 to study the effect of agronomic biofortification through integrated nutrient management on hybrid maize (biofortified and non-biofortified). The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design having 36 treatment combinations of hybrids and nutrients and replicated thrice. The treatment sources consisted of two main plots of maize hybrids (M1: Non-biofortified and M2: biofortified), and six sub-plots of nutrients (S1: 100 % Recommended Dose of Fertilizer RDF through Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, S2: 100 % RDF through Farm Yard Manure, S3: 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM, S4: S1+ Iron and Zinc as foliar application @0.5% conc, S5: S2 + Iron and Zinc as foliar application @0.5% conc, S6: S3 + Iron and Zinc as foliar application @0.5% conc.). The recommended dose of fertilizer was NPK 150:75:75 kg ha-1. Application of 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing, significantly increased all the growth and yield attributes, grain and stover yield, quality attributes and nutrient uptake by maize. Among the nutrient levels, higher grain yield (8.2 t ha-1) and stover yield (10.16 t ha-1), quality attributes, and nutrient uptake were recorded with the application of 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6). Similarly, significant net return (INR 78,767) and benefit cost ratio (3.07) were noted with the application of 100% RDF through NPK (S1) followed by 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6). Hence, integrated nutrient management with agronomic biofortification @0.5% conc., at 45th and 90th DAS should be adopted to obtain maximum grain yield, net profit, and nutrient uptake by Kharif maize.

The present study was aimed at isolating endophytic fungi from the Algerian medicinal plant Salicornia arabica and analyzing its antifungal and antibacterial effects. The morphological analysis allowed us to identify endophyte isolates at the genus level as belonging to 8 different genera, Aureobasidium sp., Ulocladium sp., Acremonium sp., Stemphylium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Phoma sp., and Chrysosporium sp. with frequency percentages 6.7%, 13.3%, 20%, 13.3%, 13.3%, 13.3%, 6.7%, 6.7%, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was caried out using the agar plug diffusion method. The three isolates of the genus Acremonium sp. were highly active against all tested bacteria except Enterococcus faecalis. Comparison of the means of inhibition zones of the active isolates showed that the three fungal isolates of Acremonium were the most active, followed by Chrysosporium sp., Penicillium sp.1, Aureobasidium sp., Stemphylium sp.1, Penicillium sp. .2, and Ulocladium sp.2. The widest zones of inhibition were 22.33 and 20.33mm for Acremonium sp.3, 18.33 and 15.33mm for Aureobasidium sp., 19.33mm for Penicillium sp.1, and 19 and 15mm for Stemphylium sp.1 obtained against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, respectively. Regarding the antifungal activity, the best inhibitory activity was 80 and 64.70% obtained with the isolate Penicillium sp.2 against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciccri and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis, respectively, and of 63.29 and 58% observed against Phytophthora infestans and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciccri, respectively, with the endophytic isolate Aspergillus sp.2. These results indicated the possible prospect of endophytes fungi isolated from Salicornia arabica as a promising resource of antimicrobial compounds and in the quest for the potential starting points for the development of new antibiotics.

In this study, the production technology level of enterprises, meat and meat products, slaughterhouses, and combines; operating in the red meat industry in the TR83 Region and the practical criteria for selecting these technology levels have been determined. Within the scope of the study, the data obtained by face-to-face interviews with the managers of meat and meat products processing enterprises, slaughterhouses, and combines operating in the provinces of Amasya, Çorum, Samsun, and Tokat in the TR83 Region were evaluated. Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and TOPSIS methods were used to determine the production technology level. In the study, the level of production technology (alternatives) was considered as modern production technology and traditional production technology while the criteria are determined as family business, modern conditions, production capacity, market width, modernization, modern facility, hygiene, and quality. As a result of the study, modern production technology was determined as very important by 85% points with the AHP method and 99% points with the TOPSIS method. It has been concluded that the most essential criteria in determining the level of production technology are quality (0.291), hygiene (0.273), and modern conditions (0.106). The technology level used in production is important in terms of providing sufficient red meat supply and healthy and reliable food production and consumption. Therefore, it has been concluded that encouraging modernization in is this field and allowing enterprises to use modern technology will support production.