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Rheological characterisation of food thickeners marketed in Australia in various media for the management of dysphagia. I: Water and cordial Texto completo
2007
Sopade, P.A. | Halley, P.J. | Cichero, J.A.Y. | Ward, L.C.
The viscosity profiles of six commercially available food thickeners (Guarcol, Keltrol, Novartis, Nutricia, QuikThik, and Supercol) in water and raspberry cordial were studied in a strain-controlled rheometer at 20 °C. The thickened fluids exhibited a shear-thinning behaviour, and their viscosities were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by holding time up to 24 h. Irrespective of the thickener and dispersing medium, the viscosity increased as the solids content was increased, as did density and yield stress. Rheological models that best fit the flow data of the thickeners in the dispersing media were recommended. At an assumed shear rate of about 50 s-1 for normal swallowing, predicted and experimental viscosities are not significantly (p > 0.05) different. The recommended models can be used to calculate the weights of the thickener and dispersing medium to achieve a known viscosity of the thickened fluids, match videofluoroscopy fluids and obtain objective classification of the thickened fluids.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]WWF-FAO-IRRI global initiative to improve food security, enhance livelihoods and reduce water conflicts in irrigated rice - a concept note. Texto completo
2007
riddell | t.;bouman | p. j.;facon | b.
Riddell, 'WWF-FAO-IRRI global initiative to improve food security, enhance livelihoods and reduce water conflicts in irrigated rice - a concept note.', International Rice Commission Newsletter 56(2007): 87-93.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Quesungual slash and mulch agroforestry system (QSMAS): Improving crop water productivity food security and resource quality in the sub-humid tropics
2007
Castro, A. | Rivera, M. | Ferreira, Oscar | Pavon, Jellin | Valladares, D. | García, E. | Amézquita Collazos, Edgar | Ayarza, Miguel Angel | Barrios, E. | Rondón, Marco Antonio | Welchez, L.A. | Rao, Idupulapati M.
Water for food in the cities: The growing paradigm of irrigated peri-urban agriculture and its struggle in Sub-Saharan Africa Texto completo
2007
olufunke o.; drechsel | cofie | pay.
Cofie, Olufunke O.; Drechsel, Pay., 'Water for food in the cities: The growing paradigm of irrigated peri-urban agriculture and its struggle in Sub-Saharan Africa', African Water Journal, vol. 1(1), pp.23-32, 2007
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]WWF-FAO-IRRI global initiative to improve food security, enhance livelihoods and reduce water conflicts in irrigated rice-a concept note
2007
Riddell, P.J. | Facon, T. | Bouman, B.
Estimation of the pasteurization effect of superheated steam containing micro-droplets of hot water and its application for processing and cooking food
2007
Yamanaka, S.(Rose Corp. Co. Ltd., Kasumigaura, Ibaraki (Japan)) | Sotome, I. | Tsuda, M. | Takenaka, M. | Ogasawara, Y. | Nadachi, Y. | Isobe, S.
We examined the pasteurization effect of superheated steam containing micro-droplets of hot water (Aqua-gas, 115 deg C), superheated steam (120 deg C, 180 deg C) and hot water (100 deg C) to control Bacillus subtilis spores on the potato surface. Decimal reduction times of B, subtilis spores with the heating media were 2.8, 5.0, 6.3 and 6.8 minutes respectively. In case of the Aqua-gas, almost 90% of the spores were presumably washed away from the potato surface by condensed steam and the micro-droplets within 2.5 minute. After the condensation of the steam on the potato stopped, the potato surface was subsequently pasteurized effectively by the Aqua-gas since the surface was kept wet by the micro-droplets and it was heated with high temperature steam. To examine the pasteurization effect of actually cooking with these heating media, kakuni (boiled pork belly with soy sauce) and gyusuji (boiled beef tendon with soy sauce) were cooked using the Aqua-gas (115 deg C) , superheated steam (180 deg C) and a gas stove. The bacterial numbers of the food cooked with the superheated steam and the gas stove increased to more than 103CFU/g after 5 days of storage at 10 deg C. In contrast, the bacterial numbers of the samples cooked with the Aqua-gas were maintained at less than 300 CFU/g during storage.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]CFC rice project proposal: "Use of water harvesting for enhancing food production and income in a rice-based cropping system in Central America"
2007
Proposal for Priority Actions in the Reconstruction and Development Process of Somalia : water and waste management, agro-pastoralism and forestry, fisheries, agro-food Texto completo
2007
Coma, J. | Drakides, C. | Giron, Y. | Harmand, Jean-Michel | Rippstein, Georges | Richard, Didier | Vindrinet, Robert | Djama, Marcel
Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): Influence of environmental variables and food availability Texto completo
2007
Cartes, J.E. | Serrano, Alberto | Velasco, Francisco | Parra-Descalzo, Santiago | Sánchez, Francisco
The community structure of the decapod crustaceans inhabiting Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic Ocean) was studied on two cruises performed in October 2003 and April 2004. Otter and beam-trawls were used to collect this fauna. At depths ranging between 455 and 1048 m, we found distinct decapod assemblages on the bank summit and deeper in the inner basin (between the bank and the continental shelf). The faunal discontinuity between these groups appeared at around 600 m (e.g. between 612 and 642 m in the basis of species replacement). The summit assemblage was characterized by low diversity (in terms of number and relative abundances of species) and by the dominance of hermit crabs (Pagurus alatus, Anapagurus laevis, Pagurus excavatus), the crangonid Pontophilus spinosus and the squat lobster Munida sarsi. Species characterizing the deeper assemblage, which was richer in terms of diversity, were Munida tenuimana, Parapagurus pilosimanus, Pontophilus norvegicus, the crab Geryon trispinosus and a number of bathypelagic shrimps (Sergia robusta, Acanthephyra pelagica and Pasiphaea tarda). Changes in decapod composition characterized by multidimensional scaling analyses were correlated with different variables, e.g. %mud and %organic matter (OM), temperature and salinity close to the bottom. Among those the %OM and %mud in sediments affected decapod distributions the most. The summit of the bank was covered by fine sediments with low proportion of mud (13.9–29.3%) and OM (2.55–3.50%). By contrast, sediment of the inner basin had a higher proportion of OM and mud (64.1–84.2%; 6.26–7.00%, respectively). The low proportion of mud at the summit of Le Danois Bank may explain the absence or scarcity of burrowing species (e.g. the lobster Nephrops norvegicus, the shrimps Calocaris macandreae and Alpheus glaber and the crab Goneplax rhomboides), that are dominant at similar depths (400–500 m) in the upper muddy assemblage on the mainland-continental slope in the Bay of Biscay (44–46°N). The dominance of certain species on the summit of submarine mounts can probably be related to their biology and feeding ecology. For example, pagurids are deposit feeders, even consuming marine snow (e.g. Chl-a identified in guts of Pagurus alatus), and they have low gut fullness (probably indicating a capacity to withstand long periods under starvation), that would favour their adaptability to a rather unpredictable habitat such as Le Danois Bank summit. Regarding prey availability, zooplankton/micronekton and infauna distributed around Le Danois Bank showed different depth-related patterns. Among zooplankton, mesopelagic decapods, mysids, and fishes were absent at the bank summit, while euphausiids exhibited high abundances over the summit. No significant trends with depth were found for infauna abundance, and for instance polychaete densities were similar both at the summit and the inner basin. Therefore, prey availability was lower for summit assemblages regarding zooplankton/micronekton. Patterns in mean size vs. depth were species specific for decapods, and the possible role of the bank summit as a recruitment area was not general for the whole decapod assemblage. | No
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): Influence of environmental variables and food availability
2007
Cartes, J.E. | Serrano-López, A. (Alberto) | Velasco, F. (Francisco) | Parra-Descalzo, S. (Santiago) | Sánchez, F.