Biological constraints to increased groundnut production in the semi-arid tropics [a review article]
1986
Gibbons, R.W.
Groundnuts are subjected to a wide range of destructive organisms that can reduce yields. Fungal pathogens are common, and on a global scale the leaf spots, rust, and the toxin-producing Aspergillus flavus are regarded as important, and can drastically reduce yields or the quality of the crop. Other fungi are regionally or locally important. In general, viruses are restricted in distribution, but on a regional or national basis can be devastating in years when epidemics occur. Onl1861y one bacterial disease, caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum, is economically important. Many pests attack groundnuts, but relatively few cause consistent and serious yield losses on a worldwide basis. Aphids are, however, important globally and are vectors of several important viruses. Direct yield losses caused by species of thrips are usually not serious, but Frankiniella schultzei is very important as the main vector of bud necrosis virus in India. Locally, leafhoppers, millipedes, leaf miners, and various sucking bugs can be serious pests. Over the last decade there has been an increasing effort to utilize host-plant resistance, or integrated management schemes, to overcome many of the more serious yield reducers. Aspects of poor nodulation due to inefficient native strains, or poor application techniques, are discussed in the light of current research find
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