Indonesian marine fisheries: structure and change
1987
Bailey, C. | Dwiponggo, A.
Indonesia's marine fisheries sector is subdivided into small-, medium-, and large-scale subsectors, based upon the level of investment required. Each subsector is described noting types of fishing gear employed and areas of operation. The differential effectiveness of fishing gear used by the three subsectors is assessed using reported numbers of and landings by 29 gear types. Average per unit landings for all gear in 1982 were 3.7 t, with a range of 0.8 to 68 t. Twelve gear types used primarily by small-scale fishermen and representing 81% of all gear units had annual per unit landings of 3 t or less; five (42% of all gear units) averaged 2 t or less. The relative contribution of small-, medium- and large-scale fisheries to total landings and employment within the marine fisheries sector is assessed. The small-scale subsector employs about 90% of all fishermen and contributes approximately 70% of total landings. Large-scale fisheries account for less than 1% of those employed and less than 2% of total landings. Medium-scale fisheries expanded rapidly during the 1970s. By 1980, this subsector employed over 9% of all fishermen and accounted for approximately 28% of total landings; otter trawlers and purse seiners were the main gear types used. The progressive ban on trawling in most Indonesian waters during the period 1981 to 1983 has made purse seiners by far the dominant medium-scale fishing gear.
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