The 1985 barley yellow dwarf epidemic in winter wheat involving barley yellow dwarf virus transmitted by Schizaphis graminum and wheat streak mosaic
1990
Forster, R.L. (University of Idaho, Kimberly (USA)) | Bishop, G.W. (University of Idaho, Parma, ID (USA)) | Sandvol, L.E. (University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID (USA))
The first confirmed widespread barley yellow dwarf (BYD) epidemic in winter wheat in southern Idaho occurred in the 1977-78 crop. A virus similar to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-SGV was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and aphid transmission in 2 of 3 wheat samples tested. Subsequent widespread BYD epidemics affected irrigated winter wheat crops in 1979-80 and 1981-82. BYDV-SGV was one of the viruses detected in these epidemics. A severe epidemic of BYD and wheat streak mosaic (WSM) occurred in 1984-85 in dryland winter wheat in southeastern Idaho. Large numbers of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) infested young wheat plants that fall, but 94 % of the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) detected in numerous samples by ELISA and aphid transmission tests was transmitted by S. graminum, indicating that the predominant virus was similar to BYDV-SGV. Comparison of four pairs of severely affected and minimally affected adjacent fields revealed that the latter were seeded about 4 weeks later or were treated with the systemic insecticide phorate at seeding time. Studies revealed that the phorate treatment substantially reduced the incidence of BYD but had no effect on the incidence of WSM.
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