Enzymatic catalysis in organic media: potentiality of use of lipases
1993
Blecker, C. (Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux (Belgium). Unite de Chimie Generale et Organique)
These recent years have been witness to a spectacular increasing use of biocatalysis in non-aqueous media. Potential advantages of enzymatic catalysis in organic solvents are in fact numerous. The use of micellar systems, enzymes in suspension or immobilized, or other modified enzymes soluble in organic phase has allowed to operate in the presence of important organic solvents concentrations and to conserve a good enzymatic activity. The new concept "microaqueous" has been introduced to stipulate that these reaction systems are not completely anhydrous. Water present in very low quantity in the media seems essential for a biocatalyst to display its full catalytic activity. Some general rules for the optimization of these reactions are proposed taking into account solvents polarity and a phenomenon called "water-stripping". Many reactions catalysed by lipases, serine active enzymes, are illustrated, as hydrolysis, esterification and transesterification, and enantiospecific reactions.
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