An Analysis of the Progress Made in Brazil in Breeding Wheat for Acid Soils
1994
Kohli, M.M. (CIMMYT, Asuncion (paraguay)) | Camargo, C.E.O. | Franco, F.
The acid soils covering large areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America represent a major part of the world's marginal and under-utilized arable land. While soil corrective methods such as liming have helped to promote agriculture in these regions, most wheat germplasm is highly susceptible to the toxicities present in acid soils. Genetic variability for resistance to aluminum, the major toxicity factor, has been used in wheat to develop high yielding varieties. Collaborative research, involving the Brazilian wheat breeding programs and CIMMYT growing two generations per year, has led to the identification of semidwarf varieties. While the genetic advance in yield potential shown by the new varieties is reasonably high in the temperate regions of Brazil, the progress in the newer non-traditional warm areas has been less. Limited germplasm variability for resistance to high temperature, drought, and the diseases prevalent in the warmer areas seems to be the most critical factor limiting progress. In addition, soil and organic matter degradation and nutrient uptake efficiency, especially for phosphorus, need to be taken into consideration in order to improve breeding efficiency on such soils.
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