[Warm and hot water treatment of barley seed]
1996
Winter, W. (Eidg. Forschungsanstalt fuer Agraroekologie und Landbau, Reckenholz (FAL), Zurich (Switzerland)) | Baenziger, I. | Krebs, H. | Rueegger, A. | Frei, P. | Gindrat, D.
In Switzerland the most important seedborne fungal pathogens of barley are Ustilago nuda (loose smut), Drechslera graminea (barley stripe), Gerlachia nivalis (=Fusarium nivale, snow mould), Ustilago hordei (covered smut), and sometimes Drechslera teres (net blotch) and Bipolaris sorokiniana (=Helminthosporium sativum, spot blotch). Planting non-disinfected seed may result in bunt damages, stripe diseased plants, and poor plant stands. Warm and hot water treatment were compared with two seed fungicides in laboratory and field experiments. For the warm water treatment infected barley seed was dipped into water at 45 deg C for 2 hours and at 42 deg C for 3 h. For the hot water treatment 52 deg C for 10 min and 52 deg C for 5 min were used. After treatment the seeds were air-dried (40 deg C) for 5 h. Seed fungicides were Beret Spezial 060 FS and Vitavax fluid, each applied at 400 ml/100 kg seed. At high infection levels warm water at 45 deg C, 2 h was as effective as the fungicide for the control of U. nuda and G. nivalis. The efficacy against U. hordei was good, against D. graminea it was medium. Satisfactory control was also obtained at 42 deg C, 3 h against U. hordei and G. nivalis. Control of G. nivalis, U. nuda, U. hordei, and D. graminea with hot water at 52 deg C, 10 min was good to very good. There was also a good control of the two smuts with 52 deg C, 5 min. D. teres and B. sorokiniana was only partially controlled at 52 deg C, 10 min. In general the warm water treatment of certified seed had no damaging effect on germination or field emergence of the main barley cultivars grown in Switzerland. Hot water at 52 deg C, 10 min. sometimes reduced germination and field emergence. However, this effect was lower when treatment was reduced to 5 min. Warm and hot water treatments of barley seed are an alternative to chemical dressing when applied to certified seed of cultivars with low to medium disease susceptibility
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