Environmental changes and resource use patterns among the Aeta in the Kanawan Reservation Area, Morong Bataan [Philippines]
1995
Baril, M.T.A.
The Aeta's traditional resource use pattern mainly consisted of wildlife trapping, forest products gathering and swidden farming. As traced to their resource use history, they have not fully abandoned these traditional subsistence strategies. Instead, they employed a diverse resource use pattern by engaging in more than one strategy and by utilizing both the forest and farm zones of their agroecosystem. Their shift from swidden to sedentary farming, however, was brought about by ecological (deforestation), economic (market forces) and sociocultural (land tenure insecurity) factors. Resource use patterns among the 35 households in Kanawan still varied in terms of the dominance of non-traditional activities (such as sedentary farming and wage labor) introduced to them by the lowlanders over traditional ones (like trapping and gathering). The pure Aeta families tended to diversify by combining the traditional and non-traditional while the mixed Aeta families tended to engage more in non-traditional. The non-Aeta families were fully devoted to non-traditional activities. Their resource use patterns were also found to be directly related to their degree of market linkage, defined here as the extent by which production and consumption is oriented to the market for obtaining basic needs as measured by four indicators; (a) source of inputs, (b) labor source, (c) disposal of products and (d) dependency ratio. The pure Aeta, mixed Aeta and non-Aeta households were found to have a low, medium, and high degree of market linkage respectively. Thus, the findings indicate that those who are engaged more in traditional and/or non-traditional strategies like the pure and mixed Aeta are less market-oriented than those who are fully devoted to non traditional activities like the non-Aeta
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