Determinants of farming systems in the uplands of Pili, Camarines Sur [Philippines]

Farms in the study area showed considerable degree of market orientations both in the input utilization and output distribution. Results of farm business analysis showed that farms are still obtaining positive returns above variable costs. Crop production accounts for 79 percent of the total cash income of the farm household while animal production accounts for 6 percent. Other sources of income account for 15 percent. The type of farming systems in the area is attributed to climate, availability of water sources, prevailing market and market conditions and topography. Analysis using multiple regression showed that farming systems have significant relationships with farm size, topography, availability of supplemental irrigation, value of workstock and tools and number of adults with no-farm occupation. The different descriptors of farming systems and the indicators that influence their adoption have the following relationships: land use descriptors such as cropping intensity index (CII) was significantly affected by farm size, availability of water sources and topography of the land while percent cultivated area planted to annual crops was significantly related to farm size. Labor use decriptors was significantly related to farm size, tenurial status, water availability, number of adults with non-farm occupation and household size. Capital use descriptor was significantly related to availability of supplemental irrigation and number of adults with non-farm occupation. The output descriptors such as percent income from crop production was significantly affected by number of parcel lots, value of workstock and tools, tenurial status and number of adults with non-farm occupation. Percent income from animal production was significantly affected by number of parcel lots and topography of the land. Income was highly correlated with household size, farm size, availability of water sources, number of adults with non-farm occupation and value of workstock and tools. Income is also dependent on yields from crop production