Effects of condensed smoke from neem Azadirachta indica, Lauan shorea nigrosensis, and commercial liquid smoke preparations on feeding of the copra beetle Necrobia rufipes
1996
Pelea, N.R. (Bicol Univ., Tobaco Campus, Tobaco, Albay 4511 (Philippines))
Condensed smoke from neem Azadirachta indica, 'lauan' Shorea nigrosensis, and two commercial liquid smoke preparations were tested for their effects on feeding of the copra beetle Necrobia rufipes. In the adult feeding tests, condensed smoke from S.nigrosensis was phagostimulatory to the insect at certain concentration level, while the neem treatment was not significantly affecting feeding at all the tested concentration level. On the insect larvae, condensed smoke treatment did not cause significant difference in feeding activity compared to the control, after 24 hours of feeding, except in lots which were treated with the commercial liquid smoke preparation 'Hartmann and Reimer", where the feeding was higher at some concentration level of the liquid smoke treatment. However, after 48 hours, the feeding level was lower in the middle concentration level of the neem smoke treatment and in the two lowest concentration levels of S. nigrosensis treatment. On the other hand, application with the commercial liquid smoke 'Zesti' produced higher feeding at the middle concentration level of the treatment. These effects were attributed to the presence of both feeding stimulant and deterrent compounds in smoke, which depending on their relative effective concentration at specific dilution level of the liquid smoke, may trigger either stimulation or inhibition of feeding. A new method of measuring antifeedant action was developed based on the proportion of non-feeding larvae at each concentration level of the treatment to estimate effective antifeedant dose (ADn). Using the proposed measure, the 50 percent effective antifeedant dose (AD 50) of condensed neem smoke was predicted at 1.0 x 10-3 ml/ml with 0.0065 and 12.61 x 10-4 ml/ml 95 percent fiducial limits within the first 24-hour feeding period
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