Effect of plant growth regulators in in vitro culture of capsicum species

Effect of plant growth regulators (auxin and cytokinin) on callus initiation and callus growth from leaf, petiole and internode of pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/l of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and in a combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) at 0, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/l was studied. The results showed that cultured explants from callus on media supplemented with every concentration of NAA of 2,4-D. Petiole had the highest percentage of callus initiation was 94.44 % on media supplimented 0.5 mg/l of NAA or 1.0 mg/l of 2,4-D. Explants induced a largest callus on media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of 2,4-D. NAA promoted a formation of compact callus while 2,4-D promoted a for mation of friable callus. When they were used in a combination with cytokinin. The highest percentages of callus initiation were 100 % and 96.67 % from leaf and internode, respectively, cultured on the media supplemented with 1.0 mg/l of 2,4-D combined with 1.0 mg/l of BAP. They were 96.67 % and 96.30 % from petiole cultured on the media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of 2,4-D singly and in combination with 1.0 mg/l of BAP, respectively. Explants produced the largest callus on the media supplemented with 0.5-3.0 mg/l of 2,4-D combined with 1.0 mg/l of kinetin. For multiple shoot induction study, shoot tip, node and seed of C. frutescens L. and C. annuum L. were cultured on MS media supplemented with BAP or kinetin at 0, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/l. Explants but not seed of C. frutescens L. produced multiple shoot on MS media supplemented with BAP 5.0 and 10.0 mg/l. The highest number of shoots was 3.7 obtianed from seed of C. annuum L. cultured on the media supplemented with 10.0 mg/l of BAP. Kinetin had no effect on inducing multiple shoot in C. frutescens L. but node of C. annuum L. could from multiple shoot when supplied with 5.0 and 10.0 mg/l of kinetin.