Options of breeding and economical stabilisation of pork production in the Slovak Republic
1997
Hetenyi, L.
Slovakia is a typical Central European state concerning the production and consumption structure of various sorts of meat with pork in a dominant position. Total meat consumption in SR decreased from 85 kg/inhabitant to 62.5 kg during 1989 to 1996. Beef consumption decreased markedly, poultry consumption increased, and the dominant position of pork was strengthened, now representing more than 50% of the total (approx. 33 kg). With the decrease of production and consumption, efficiencyin pig breeding also decreased. Compared with 1989, the number of weaned pigs per sow/year fell from 17.7 to 13.4 (1995), number of litters per sow/year from 2.1 to 1.7, food consumption per kg live weight gain increased from3.4 to 3.8 kg,average daily gains in fattening and starting period fell from 530 to 495g. The parameters of efficiency in pigs achieved at present are quite wide of the biological ceiling of the species as well as of achievable possibilities. It is possible to achieve economic effectiveness and competitiveness of Slovak pig breeding on entering the European markets only when achieving the following level of efficiency: number of reared pigs per sow/year 20, number of litters per sow/year 2.2 - 2.4, production age of sows 6 litters, food consumption/kg gain 3.3 kg and less, daily fattening gain 650 - 700 g, proportion of muscle substance in carcass 53 %, live weight after fattening 100 - 105 kg, and meat pH1 greater than 6.0
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