Effects of five factors on bread wheat at Holetta
1997
Woldeyesus Sinebo (IAR, Addis Abeba (Ethiopia))
Previous studies have established the possibility of growing clovers (Trifolium species) in mixtures with wheat in the central highlands of Ethiopia. However, whether such cropping pattern would interact with other management practices such as weed control and fertilizer application have not been documented. An experiment with two varieties (Dashen or ET-13), N (0 or 60 kg/ha), P (0 or 26 kg/ha), clover (minus or plus) was conducted in a 2 the power of 5 complete factorial arrangement in randomised complete block design with two replications on Nitosols of Holetta in 1993 and 1994 seasons. a shift in variety, N or P application and weed control significantly increased the grain yield of wheat by 23, 27, 42 and 20, respectively. Nitrogen and P together increased grain yield by 63 percent, while variety plus N plus P doubled the yield. The combined effect of N, P and weed control resulted in grain yield increase of 129. Straw yield was also similarly affected due to the above factors. Clover did not have a significant effect on either grain or straw yield. Neither did clover mixture significantly interact with the rest of wheat management factors. None of the factors evaluated alone or in combination affected early clover establishment. While N application significantly reduced clover dry matter, weed control doubled the same at the time of wheat harvest. Each season, the wheat crop grew vigorously, and smothered the clovers resulting in a very low clover yields by the standards of previous reports.
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