Study on acute toxicity of potassium permanganate, sodium chloride and povidole iodine to frog, Rana tigerina Cantor
1995
Kanockrat Taneerat
Acute toxicity of potassium permanganate (PP), sodium chloride (salt) and povidole iodine (PI) to three sizes of frogs were tested by using static bioassay. Tadpoles 5-10 and 20-30 days old and juvenile frogs 40-50 days old, were used as the tested animal. The 96-hour LC50 of PP, salt and PI, to those tested tadpoles and frogs were 4.00, 8.80 and 40.50 ppm, 1.05, 9.40 and 1.11 percent and 5.50, 9.40 and 32.30 ppm respectively. The toxicity of PP and PI was high during the first 24 hours whereas salt was high during the first 48 hours. Pathological examination of survived tadpoles (5-10 days old) from each experiment showed hyperplasia of the epithelial cells of the skin. Edematous of epithelial lining of gill lamellae and increasing of mucous cells in the gill were observed. Tadpoles at the age of 20-30 days old, demonstrated more mucous cells at the gill areas and also epithelial edema of gill lamellae was observed. The number of melanin pigments in the skin was increased. Hepatic cell degeneration surrounding by haemorrhagic area in liver was also noted. Mark increased of mucous cells in the skin was shown in juvenile frogs. Haemorrhagic lesions were found in the dermal layer where as sloughing of some epithelial cells also observed. Degeneration of hepatocytes were commonly seen as well as haemorrhages.
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