Effect of salinity levels on growth and histological changes of kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca L. Kunth)
1994
Angsana Tokitkla
Kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca L. Kunth) grown on nutrient solution of 4 levels of salinity 0, 4, 8 and 16 dS/m, was experimented at a green house of the Department of Land Development. The plant growth and salt tolerant ability were studied by comparison of plant anatomy and salt accumulation in plant. The results showed that kallar grass was able to grow at the salinity level of 8 dS/m as well as at 0 dS/m without any difference in growth or other yield components. The salinity over 8 dS/m significantly decreased the dry matter, height, number of leaves and branches. At the age of 60 days, as the salinity increase the numbers and sizes of vascular bundle, xylem and phloem of leaves stems and roots tended to decrease. The salinity level at 16 dS/m significantly reduced the diameters of xylem and phloem of leaves compared to those at the levels from 0 to 8 dS/m. However, the higher salinity level did not significantly change the diameters of vascular bundle and phloem of stem except xylem. Furthermore the salinity over 8 dS/m significantly decreased the number and the diameters of vascular bundles as well as sizes of xylem and phloem of stem. It was also found that the increase of salinity levels increase in the xylem diameter, cortex width and root diameter of kallar grass, but the numbers of xylem of root showed no difference. From the nutrient analysis of kallar tissue, it was found that the higher level of salinity increased Na, but reduced K and Mg contents, resulting in the increase in ratios of Na/K and Na/Mg in both stem and root. The Ca content in plant tissue was increased. The N content tended to be decreased but not statistical difference. The P content at the salinity levels from 0 to 8 dS/m showed no differences, but P content was significantly reduced when the salinity increased from 8 to 16 dS/m, the same trend was also found in root tissues.
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