Genetic and chemical fertilizer contribution to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root yield and quality
1996
Opas Boonseng
Study on cassava genetic and chemical fertilizer affecting root yield and quality was conducted on five cassava cultivars; Rayong 1, Rayong 60, Rayong 90, Sriracha 1 and Kasetsart 50. Mixed fertilizer grade 15-15-15 at the rates of 0, 313, 625 and 1,250 Kilograms per hectare was applied to each cultivars. harvesting times were 9 and 12 months after planting. Field experiment were conducted in 9 and 11 locations in Eastern and Northeastern Thailand during the early and late rainy seasons of 1992-93, respectively. Fresh root yield, starch content, total biomass, harvest index, dry root yield, and starch yield of cassava were significantly affected by locality, cultivars, rate of chemical fertilizer application, and harvesting times. Kasetsart 50 and fertilizer rate of 625 kilograms per hectare gave the highest average fresh and dry root yield. Also, planting in early rainy season gave higher yield than that was done in late rainy season in most locations except at Mahasarakam Field Crops Experiment Station. Lengthening the harvesting time from 9 to 12 months after planting may or may not increase yield but it depended on soil moisture content during prolonged period. There were interactions in fresh root yield between cultivars and rate of chemical fertilizer application, and also between cultivars and harvesting times in both planting season. The interactions were also detected in dry root planted in early rainy season, and root starch content planted in late rainy season. Taking into consideration stability parameter and average dry root yield, Kasetsart 50, which was stable and gave high root yield, was suitable for planting in all locations studied in either one of the two planting seasons and harvesting times. Rayong 90 was suitable for late rainy season planting and harvest at 12 months after planting.
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