Yield and quality of winter wheat in conventional and ecological cropping

In stationary small plot field trial on Calcaro haplic Chernozem winter wheat in 1991/1992 and 1995/1996 was grown, with orientation to study possibilities of nutrition influence on yield and quality (variety SO-98 in 1991 and Ilona in 1995) farmed in two crop rotations (cereals and root crop rotation) at four fertilization treatments (unfertilized control, conventional fertilization and two ecological fertilization treatments). From mentioned is resulting that at the conventional fertilization during the experiment was created more favourable trend of soil nutrition, when compared to the ecological fertilization. Winter wheat grain yield was lower at ecological treatments with side production ploughed in about 22-29% in 1992 and 25-39% in 1996 when compared to conventional fertilization. The yield diminution was a bit milder at ecological treatments with farmyard manure application and side production ploughed in when compared to conventional fertilization. In both experimental years the yield diminution (without regard to crop rotations) was in range 19-23%. Winter wheat yields were increasing (at given content of another nutrients in the soil) especially by available potassium raising in the soil. After five year of experiment permanence (in 1996) winter wheat yields in cereal crop rotation were gradually higher when compared to row crop rotation, as a consequence of more favourable forecrop. Crop rotations had not more pronounced effect on the winter wheat quality. In the optimal moisture conditions during stalking and earing (ample precipitation), during harvest (minimum precipitation) in 1996 content of protein, gluten and sedimentation test value in winter wheat grain has been raised expressively in all treatments, particularly at conventional fertilization with regular farmyard manure dressing and NPK-fertilization. From the results evaluation it follows, that particularly the available phosphorus was party to the volume of gluten increasing as well as the value of sedimentation test in winter wheat grain (at given content of another nutrients in the soil). At conventional fertilization winter wheat came up to expectations for purchase in 1996 (content of protein was 12%, wet gluten 30% and sedimentation test value 45 ml). Quality of wheat grain from ecological treatments was worse also at growing in favourable moisture conditions. From the point of view of our results we recomend to prefere conventional winter wheat growing instead of ecological ones