Etiology and current status of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad cow disease)
1998
Peerasak Chantaraprateep | Sumolya Kanchanapangka | Prayot Tanticharoenyos | Kalayanee Tunsaringkarn | Benjaphorn Rungphitackchai (Chulalongkorn univ., Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproduction)
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is an extremely serious and deadly epizootic disease, mainly spread throughout the United Kingdom. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) with prion protein as the proteinaceous infectious particle, causing damage to the central nervous system (CNS) and death in the final stage. Vacuolation of cerebrum and cerebellum are evident, coupled with plaques and scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF). Epidemiological studies point to contamination in cattle feed. Changes in the manufacturing procedure of meat and bone meal for bovine consumption has worsened the transmission risk factor. Prion protein may accumulate in blood, nerve fibers or lymphoreticular organs of the BSE cow before invading the CNS. Our report also includes BSE chronological events and control measures in some countries. Diagnostic techniques and the possible treatment ideas are also mentioned. Creutzfeldt-Jakob's Disease (CJD) is one of the fatal human diseases involving the CNS. Lately, a new variant of CJD (nvCJD) has been reported and has been found to have different in clinical signs and neuropathological lesions than the known CJD. Western blotting technique has proved that the causative agent of nvCJD is similar to BSE, not the sporadic CJD. Exposure of nvCJD individuals with BSE prion protein is postulated. Organ, dura matter and retinal transplantation including brain surgery with contaminated equipment can transmit CJD, especially to those groups of people with homozygous gene at codon 129. Apart from this, there are 90 (1985-1996) and 54 (1989-1993) CJD cases treated with growth hormone and gonadotropin (human-derived) reported. Also the World Health organization concluded early in 1997 evidence of a CJD causative agent in plasma of the experimental mice. Precautions should be taken in procedures involving blood transfusion, organ donation from individuals with a history of hereditary nervous disorders and those who have been treated with growth hormones or gonadotropin.
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