[Evolution of hypothalamus and hypophysis and control of growth and reproduction]
2000
Pantic, V. (Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd (Yugoslavia))
The main attention in this presentation is the consideration of genes expression, coding biosynthesis of precursors for neurohormones. Conserved through evolution, these genes and their regulatory proteins, had the main role in adaptation, survival, growth and reproduction. The role of photoperiods, temperature and food, during the advanced evolution, were the main regulators of these function in monoestric and to some extent in domestic animals. As a result of the advanced evolution, hypothalamus-pituitary target organs, and feedback mechanisms, were developed and the character of their interrelation has common and species specific properties. The development of these neuroendocrine mechanisms, as responsive to different signal molecules, evolved from different risk factors, such as inflammation, xenobiotics and many others, is closely related with immunocompetent cells, especially T and B lymphocytes, macrophages as producers of cytokines, other leucocytes and hepatocytes synthesizing acute phase proteins. The role of gonadal steroids, as modulators of genes expression coding biosynthesis of bioactive neurohormones, families of peptide and glycoprotein hormones and their target organs, have been considered from the viewpoints of their part in regulation of growth and reproduction.
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