Productivity and diversity of agronomic characters in selected cultivars of eleven alternative crops
2001
Hermuth, J. | Dotlacil, L. | Michalova, A. | Cejka, L. (Vyzkumny Ustav Rostlinne Vyroby, Prague-Ruzyne (Czech Republic). Odbor Genetiky a Slechteni)
Diversity among cultivars and ecotypes (215 accessions of eight species of alternative crops) has been studied in the years 1996 and 1997 and promising materials were selected for further evaluation. Large variability has been detected in flowering time as well as in maturity. The extent of variability in seed weight was crop-specific (CV 7.2-21.5 %). The variability of characters was relatively low in crambe and false flax, large in Abyssinian mustard, rocket and very large in foxtail millet and Indian mustard. Twenty four cultivars, belonging to 11 species, were selected and evaluated in subsequent field trials at three locations in the years 1998-2000. Early flowering and maturity was found in the examined cultivars of buckwheat, false flax and crambe (up to 107 days), and also in black mustard, fiddleneck and panic millet (110-112 days). In contrast, Indian mustard, foxtail millet and Abyssinian mustard had a longer vegetation period (126-149 days). All evaluated mustard species, especially white mustard and Indian mustard, and foxtail millet produced very tall plant stands, especially under the humid and cool conditions at the location Humpolec (1.1-1.8 m). Apart of buckwheat, relatively large seeds were found in some cultivars of white mustard, crambe and Abyssinian mustard (TSW 5-7 g). White mustard and crambe had the highest mean seed yields (both 2.34 t/ha) followed by foxtail millet (2.22 t/ha) and panic millet (2.04 t/ha). The white mustard cultivar Nakielska and the ecotype SET 621/91 of foxtail millet had the highest seed yields and acceptable earliness. The three experimental locations differed in climate: Prague-Ruzyne was intermediate, Humpolec was humid and cooler, and Olomouc had a warm climate. Humid cool conditions increased the yield, plant height and vegetation period in most crops, especially in all mustards. Under warmer climatic conditions crambe was the best yielding crop.
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