Applied research of ecochemicals in Estonia
2001
Mottus, E. | Liblikas, I. | Ojarand, A. | Borg-Karlson, A.-K. | Martin, M. | Kuusik, S. | Laanmaa, M. (Estonian Agricultural University, Tartu (Estonia).Inst. of Animal Science)
Pheromone and kairomone traps can offer a reliable technique for monitoring and controlling different pest moths. To achieve good correlation between population density and trap catches, the attractant dispenser should have stable attractivity over the flight period of pest. Amount of trapped males, species specificity, and aging of dispensers depend on the load amount of substances and their ratio, amount of degradation products, type of substrate, and other characteristics of dispenser. Due to different evaporation rates, the ratio of attractant components in effluvia will change over the aging period. Consequently, the attractiveness of a dispensers is not constant in time and the component ratio of the emitted blend differs from the optimal. It may be concluded that in many cases the dispensers should be designed for specific climate conditions. Beside the chemical structure of blend components, evaporation rate depends on the shape of the dispenser. In our earlier experiments we used rather large Feroflor type dispensers produced by AS Tartu Flora. To achieve better evaporation characteristics and to minimize the decomposition of pheromone substances in dispenser, the small-size Minifer and Miniket dispesers were designed and tested for many pest insect pheromone blends, to avoid competition between traps, the loading of the attractant should be minimal. These requirements apply for a monitoring system as well as for mass-trapping. The substrate of Miniket dispensers is a special rubber composition. In this paper we summarise our results on creating and introducing pheromone and kairomone preparations for practical plant protection in Estonia
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