Methodology. Managing nuclei in insect-proof tunnel as an observation tool for foraging bees: sublethal effects of deltamethrin and imidacloprid | [Méthodologie. Aménagement des nuclei dans des tunnels insect-proof en tant qu'outils d'observation des abeille butineuses: effets subléthaux de la deltamethrine et de l'imidaclopride]
2001
Colin, M.E. ((Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon (France). Centre d'Avignon, Zoologie et Apidologie, Laboratoire de Biologie et Protection de l'Abeille)) | Le Conte, Y. | Vermandere, J.P.
A 8 x 20 m insect-proof tunnel is used to separate the experimental bees from those of the nearby colonies and to make certain of their food source. Nuclei enclosing one-fourth Dadant frame, are made with Plexiglas sides allowing a complete observation of the insects. After the nuclei are filled with pollen, brood and 1,000 adult bees, foraging bees are trained to visit a feeding station placed at the center of the tunnel, which means a 10 m distance from the entrance of the nuclei. The day-time of the disposal of the sugar solution is to be strictly regarded. When the foragers are well trained to forage a sucrose solution, a contaminated one is offered the following days. Criteria of observation can be (i) the foragers recruitment, (ii) the number of feeding bees and their behaviour at the feeder, (iii) the return flights, (iv) the trophallaxis inside the nucleus. Such a protocol has been put into practice to demonstrate the alteration of the homing flight in bees exposed to sublethal doses of deltamethrin (Vandame et al., 1995). Since, it has been improved and revealed some features of the toxicity of imidacloprid at sublethal doses
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