Bionomics and control of pomegranate butterfly virachola (Deudorix) livia (Klug)(Lepidoptera: Lycanidae)in Northern Jordan
Obeidat, W.M. | Akkawi, M. (Jordan Univ., Amman (Jordan). Faculty of Agriculture
Susceptibility of two pomegranate cultivars, population trends, biology, control, and migration of the pomegranate butterfly virachola livia (Klug) were investigated from April, 1998 to July, 2000 in three pomegranate orchards in northren Jordan. Infestation by V. Livia in the field started in the first week of August with 4% and increased gradually up to 48% in the first week of October. Results indicated that Khdari cultivar was more susceptible to pomegranate butterfly than Hlawi cultivar. Infestation was 31.8% for Khdari while it was 13.1% for Hlawi in 1998. In the 1999 season infestation of Khdari reached 48%. The insect has 2-3 generation on pomegranate fruit during the season. Biological studies under field and laboratory conditions (25+/-1°C; 65-70 % RH) for both sexes of pomegranate butterfly indicated that the mean duration in the development of males from egg to adult was 36 and 38 days under field and laboratory conditions, respectively, whereas females required 38 and 39days, respectively. Brachymeria sp. Was found to parasitize the pupal stage.
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