Evaluation of rice straw diets supplemented with Leucaena leucocephala and/or dried poultry manure
2001
Trung, L.T. | Abenir, E.E. | Palo, L.P. | Matias, J.M. | Rivera, C.C. | Lapinid, R.R.
Ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf meal (ILM) and/or dried poultry manure manure (DPM) were substituted for concentrates in a diet of 35 percent rice straw, 65 percent concentrate mixture. The experimental diet were fed to 20 crossbred yearling dairy heifers and their feed intake, liveweight gain and some reproductive parameters were measured. Rice straw comprised 35 percent of total diet dry matter. The concentrate portion was varied as follows: Diet 1 - 45 percent ILM and 20 percent other concentrates; Diet 2 - 45 percent DPM and 20 percent other concentrates; Diet 3 - 22.5 percent ILM, 22.5 percent DPM and 20 percent other concentrates and Diet 4 - 65 percent other concentrates (control). After the first three months, Diet 2a was found to be unpalatable and because of the low dry matter intake and growth rates was replaced by Diet 2b - 30 percent ILM, 15 percent DPM and 20 percent other concentrates. Dry matter intakes and average daily gains did not differ between diets, except for ration 2a during the first three months. Observations of reproductive performance did not reveal any clear cut differences between reatments with the pregnancy rate varying from 40-60 percent and the number of services per conception ranging from 1.0 to 2.0. The heifers were expected to calve for the first time at 24.7 to 30.4 months of age. An economic evaluation of costs per unit gain for commercial (over 15 cows) dairy operations indicated that Diet 1 was more expensive than the other diets due to high cost of ILM. Under backyard (2 to 3 cows) production systems, however, the control ration (diet 4) was found to be more expensive mainly due to costs of rice bran and copra meal. A total of 80 percent dry matter (DM) of a ration for dairy replacement heifers in backyard production systems can be derived from rice straw (35 percent), DPM (15-22.5 percent) and ILM (22.5-45 percent). The levels of DPM and ILM should be determined by their relative costs compared to those of other feed ingredients
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