Characteristics of Tritordeum and its potential use in the Czech Republic
2001
Martinek, P. (Zemedelsky Vyzkumny Ustav, Kromeriz (Czech Republic)) | Ohnoutkova, L. | Bednar, J. | Vyhnalek, M.
The new crop tritordeum (xTritordeum Ascherson et Graebner) is the intergeneric amphiploid obtained from a cross between a South American wild barley (Hordeum chilense Roemer et Schultese) with tetraploid and hexaploid wheats. Due to its promising agronomic characteristics as a new crop, its possible use and value as a cereal crop are explored. Twelve genotypes of hexaploid tritordeum (HT31-1, HT31-2, HT31-3, HT31-4, HT31-5, HT115, HT119, HT135, HTC1323, HTC1324, HTC1331, HTC1380) were sown in spring together with control varieties of spring wheat Sandra and Saxana at the Agricultural Research Institute Kromeriz Ltd. (Czech Republic) in 1999 and 2000. In 1999/2000, tritordeum (sown in autumn) was also cultivated with varieties of winter wheat Nap Hal, Atlas 66, Lancota, Astella and Brea. Tritordeum sown in spring showed on average later emergence, markedly longer growing season, high resistance to leaf rust of wheat (9 - the best value), increased resistance to powdery mildew, low yield (2000 - 148 g/m2, Saxana - 641 g/m2), high protein content (1999 - 17.6%, Saxana - 13,8%; 2000 - 21.2%, Saxana - 14,6%), higher content of cystine amino acid in protein (1999 - 5.8%, Saxana - 2,3%; 2000 - 3.3%, Saxana - 1,7%). The breadmaking characteristics of hexaploid tritordeums were inferior to those of bread wheat. Tritordeum sown in autumn was not damaged by frost due to mild winter and duration of the growing season was comparable with control varieties of winter wheat. Slightly lower resistance to leaf rust was determined in tritordeum sown in autumn. That indicates that the presence of A and B wheat genomes in hexaploid tritordeum (AABBHchHch) can decrease the expression of non-host resistance which is characteristic of H. chilense (HchHch). Potential use of tritordeum as a bridge species to introgress genetic material from this wild barley into Triticeae species of agronomic interest is discussed
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