Assessing the level of alphalinolenic acid in plasma cholesteryl esters in humans | Composition en acide alphalinolénique des esters de cholestérol plasmatiques: un marqueur de consommation chez l'homme
2002
Combe, N. ((Institut des Corps Gras, Talence (France). Département de Biochimie et de Nutrition)) | Delplanque, B. | Tanguy, S. | Boue-Vaysse, C. | Mendy, F. | Le Roy, B. | Fenart, E.
The level of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) could be a reliable biomarker to assess the risks of coronary heart disease and stroke. Epidemiologic studies have shown that these diseases occurred in subjects whose ALA content in CE (0.3 per cent of total fatty acids) was lower than that in healthy subjects (0.4-0.9 per cent). The aim was to study the effect of the intake of oleic acid (OA), ranging from 11 to 16 per cent of total dietary energy. The linoleic acid/linolenic acid ratio (LA/ALA) of the diets was maintained between 5.0 and 7.9. Thirty healthy men (monks) received 3 controlled diets for 4 months one after the other separated by a washout period. Different proportions of ALA, LA and OA in dietary fat were obtained from different combinations of oils (high oleic sunflower/sunflower/rapeseed). Lipids were 30, 34 and 35 per cent energy in diets I, II and III, respectively. Diet I provided 28.2 g/d OA (=11 per cent en), 9.0 g/d LA and 1.4 g/d ALA. Diet II: 36.5 g/d OA (=13 per cent en), 13.0 g/d LA and 2.6 g/d ALA, diet III: 43.3 g/d OA (=16 per cent en), 11.8 g/d LA and 1.5 g/d ALA. The OA/LA ratio was 3.1 (diet I), 2.8 (diet II) and 3.6 (diet III). The LA/ALA ratio was 6.4 (diet I), 5.0 (diet II) and 7.9 (diet III). After each diet, fatty acid compositions of plasma cholesteryl esters were the following: OA: 19.42 +/- 1.50 per cent (diet I), 16.39 +/- 1.30 per cent (diet II), 19.47 +/- 1.45 per cent (diet III). LA: 51.67 +/- 2.85 per cent (diet I), 55.12 +/- 3.89 per cent (diet II), 52.96 +/- 3.10 per cent (diet III), ALA: 0.70 +/- 0.12 per cent (diet I), 0.68 +/- 0.12 per cent (diet II), 0.63 +/- 0.10 per cent (diet III).These different supplies of OA, LA and ALA allow to obtain a favorable value of ALA (O.6 per cent) in plasma CE. Compared with a standard French population, 18:3n-3 increased by 57 per cent and 20:5n-3 doubled (1.2per cent vs 0.6 per cent of total fatty acids) in plasma cholesterol esters of subjects fed these diets
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