Response to some durum wheat landraces to nitrogen application on ethiopian vertisols
2000
Erkossa, T. | Mamo, T. | Kidane, S. | Abebe, M. (Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit (Ethiopia))
Landrace durum wheat constitutes one of the major cereals grown on Vertisols in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Their productivity is limited, among other factors, by low soil fertility, including nitrogen deficiency. Consequently, inorganic N fertilization is recommended at a rate of 60 to 90 kg N/ha for improved durum wheat varieties under different cropping systems. However, little information is available on the differential response of landraces to applied N. This led to the initiation of a field experiment at two representative Vertisol locations, Akaki and Cheffe Donsa, in the central highlands. The experiment was conducted for three years (1993-1995) on three promising durum land race genotypes (A2-138, El-9 and BI-9 for Akaki, and A2-187 and Bl-9 for Cheffe Donsa). Kilinto and DZ04-118 for Akaki, and DZ0320 and DZ04-118 for Cheffe Donsa were used as local and standard checks, respectively. Six levels of N (0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 115 kg/ha) were used in factorial combination with the landraces and checks. The results showed that the effects of N rate were significant on both grain and straw yields at both locations. Differences among the landraces were significant for both grain and straw yields at Akaki, but only for grain yield at Cheffe Donsa. The interaction effects of landraces by N rates were significant in two out of the three years on grain and only one out of the three years on straw yield at both locations. Generally, grain and straw yields increased with N level while the biological optimum for each was different. The landraces tended to have an advantage over the local and the standard checks in their specific areas of adaptation, particularly with respect to straw yields. Hence, emphasis should be directed towards determining the economic optimum rate of N application on Vertisols for optimum wheat grain and straw production.
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