Pesticide contamination in soil and groundwater and its control methods

anglais. The large increase in the use of modern agricultural chemicals, including pesticides and fertilizers had made agriculture an important non-point source of soil and groundwater contamination. Nitrogen, heavy metals, and organic associated with pesticides are presumably the most common contaminants introduced into the environment by modern agricultural practices. The present and abundance of the chemical contaminants in the soil and underlying groundwater largerly depends on their chemical species as well as the various physical, biological and chemical properties of the soil. Understanding these processes and interactions between the contaminants and soil constituents would be useful in identifying effective techniques to restore the soil and groundwater contaminated by modern agricultural practices and others modern society activities. When the level of these contaminants in the soil are such that the quality of the plants, food crops and the groundwater are being compromised, then remedial actions are necessary. Such remediating could include in situ technologies, including bioremediation or phytoremediation combined as well as agronomic-types approaches. The best strategy in reducing soil contamination is to reduce pollution at the source and to use best management practices, such as adopting the most appropriate land use for a given type of soil contamination.

indonésien. Peningkatan yang cukup besar penggunaan bahan kimia pertanian modern, termasuk pestisida dan pupuk dianggap sebagai sumber pencemar baur (SPB) terhadap tanah dan air tanah. Bahan pencemar yang umum dijumpai di lingkungan akibat kegiatan pertanian modern adalah nitrogen, logam berat, dan senyawa organik yang berasosiasi dengan pestisida. Kejumpaan dan kelimpahan bahan kimia pencemar di dalam tanah sangat dipengaruhi oleh sifat kimia bahan pencemar, dan sifat fisik kimia dan biologi tanah. Memahami bermacam-macam proses dan mekanisme interaksi antara bahan pencemar dan komponen tanah, akan memudahkan usaha remediasi apabila tanah atau air tanah tercemar oleh bahan-bahan yang berasal dari kegiatan pertanian modern maupun kegiatan masyarakat modern lainnya. Apabila aras bahan pencemar di dalam tanah mempengaruhi kualitas tanaman, bahan pangan dan air tanah, maka program remediasi in situ termasuk bioremediasi dikombinasikan dengan teknik-teknik budidaya yang sepadan perlu segera dilaksanakan. Strategi terbaik yang harus dilakukan dalam menekan terjadinya pencemaran tanah adalah mengurangi sumber kontaminasi dan melaksanakan pengelolaan yang baik dengan cara mengadopsi dan menerapkan prinsip tataguna lahan dan memperhitungkan jenis bahan pencemar