Increasing nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in wetland rice
1996
Suwat Jearakongman (Department of Agriculture, Bangkok (Thailand). Khon Kaen Rice Experiment Station)
Increasing rice yields is the main objective, so using nitrogen fertilizers in paddy fields is proportional increase. Nevertheless the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers in paddy fields is still low due to flooding soil condition, nitrogen is always changeable and loss. Available data from most rice-growing countries indicate that to lower losses and increase efficiency, modern rice varieties that have more abilities to uptake nitrogen give more rice yields than local varieties even no fertilizer application. Conventional nitrogen fertilizers should be applied in two to three times, with one time applied at the panicle initiation stage. Placement of fertilizer nitrogen as urea supergranules at 10 cm below soil surface also increases the fertilizer nitrogen efficiency. Use of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers as sulfur-coated urea (SCU) appears promising in a number of rice-growing countries. But using nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors in paddy fields are still uncertain and should have further study.
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