Stability and adaptability of groundnut promising lines on Alfisol

anglais. Plant adaptability is a plant's ability to survive under certain or several stresses in it's environment. The experiment was conducted in 10 different locations, aimed to assess the stability and adaptability of some groundut promosing lines under various ecosystems. Eleven lines (including local and improved varieties as check) were grown in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The seeds were sown in a six-row plot 5 m long with plant spacing of 40 cm x 10 cm, one plant/hole. A basal fertilizers consisted of 200 kg ZA + 100 kg SP 36 + 100 kg KCl/ha. The parameters observed: number of plant germinated, number of plant stand, plant height, number of unfilling pod, number of mature pod (five plants samples) haum fresh weight/plot, dry pod weight/plot, 100 seeds weight and scoring of rust and leaf spot 60 dap. Statistical analysis across locations showed a significant effect of location and interaction between genotype and environment to dry pod yield. Pod yield variation in each location was high. These phenomena indicated that suitability of each genotype to the location varied, and no genotype which was consistent across location. However, there was a chance to conduct genotype screening for a specific location. The adaptability of genotype, based on dry pod yield, in certain environment varied as indicated by a broad range of dry pod yield (1.01 to 3.07 t/ha). From 10 locations, the lowest productivity was obtained in Lamongan, with average yield of 1.01 and 1.26 t/ha in early and late dry season planting, respectively. On the other hand, the highest productivity (3.07 dry pod/ha) was obtained in Tuban, followed by NTB (2.42 t/ha), and Bali (2.08 t/ha). In all 10 locations, genotype G/PI 259747-92-B-28 showed a consistently good pod yield, i.e. the first rank in three locations, the second rank in one location and the third rank in other two locations. It can be proclaimed that this genotype was in the first rank across 10 locations. This promised genotype is spanish type with moderately tolerant to leaf-spot and rust diseases. The other promising lines were K/PI 298115-90-B-16, K/PI 390595//K-90-B-54, Local Tuban, and Local Patuk. Screening in Bali showed that these two local genotypes gave lower pod yield than G/PI 259747-92-B-28, K/PI 298115-90-B-16 (2.65 dry pod/ha), and K/PI 390595//K-90-B-54 (2.44 dry pod/ha). The last two genotypes are valencia type, relatively tolerant to leafspot and rust diseases. These three genotypes (G/PI 259747-92-B-28, K/PI 298115-90-B-16 and K/PI 390595//K-90-B-54) had a good performance in an adaptability screening conducted in NTB and Tuban

indonésien. Adaptabilitas tanaman adalah kemampuan tanaman menyesuaikan diri, melawan, bertahan hidup dan berproduksi di lingkungan baru yang belum tentu sesuai. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji stabilitas dan adaptabilitas galur harapan kacang tanah di beberapa agroekosistem. Sebanyak 11 galur, dikaji dalam rancangan acak kelompok, empat ulangan di 10 lokasi. Galur ditanam pada petak berukuran 2,4 m x 5 m, jarak tanam 40 cm x 10 cm, 1 tanaman setiap lubang tanam. Tanaman dipupuk dengan 200 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg SP36 + 100 kg KCl/ha. Parameter yang diamati meliputi: jumlah tanaman tumbuh, jumlah tanaman dipanen, tinggi tanaman, jumlah polong hampa, dan polong isi/tanaman, contoh berat brangkasan basah/plot, hasil polong/plot, bercak 10 biji, skor bercak dan karat daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi dan interaksi galur x lokasi berpengaruh terhadap hasil. Keragaman hasil antar galur di setiap lokasi cukup tinggi, berarti adaptabilitas galur terhadap lokasi tidak sama. Hasil polong kering berkisar antara 1,01-3,07 t/ha. Potensi terendah terjadi di Lamongan dengan rataan hasil polong kering panen pada MK1 dan MK2 masing-masing 1,01 dan 1,26 t/ha. Produktivitas tertinggi terjadi di Tuban (3,07 t/ha), diikuti NTB (2,42 t/ha), dan Bali (2,08 t/ha). Galur G/PI 259747-92-B-28 cukup konsisten beradaptasi, dari 10 lokasi galur ini menunjukkan peringkat yang pertama. Galur ini mempunyai polong tipe spanish, dan tingkat toleransi terhadap penyakit karat dan bercak daun sedang. Unggulan berikutnya adalah varietas lokal Tuban dan Patuk, hasil polong setara dan bertipe spanish. Di Bali, kedua galur tersebut lebih rendah hasilnya dibandingkan galur G/PI 259747-92-B-28 (tipe spanish), K/PI 298115-90-B-16 (2,65 t/ha), maupun K/PI 390595//K-90 B-54 (2,44 t/ha) (tipe valensia), cukup tahan terhadap penyakit bercak dan karat daun. Ketiga galur terakhir beradaptasi sangat baik di NTB dan di Tuban