Ability of in vitro manipulated porcine embryos to develop to piglets
2001
Kashiwazaki, N. (Azabu Univ., Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine) | Shino, M.
The pig is one of most important and valuable animals as livestock for not only meat producers but also medical use such as organ donors for X/ENotransplantation and as animal bioreactors. Due to the recent progress in molecular biology and genetic engineering, the need for porcine embryo manipulations is widely recognized. In this paper, the ability of porcine embryos manipulated / produced in vitro to develop to offspring, the genetic background of in vitro manipulated embryos, and the environment for in vitro manipulation of embryos are described. Currently, transgenic pigs are generated by the DNA microinjection method. The efficiency of generating transgenic pigs is still very low, and the transgene inserted into the genome by this method is randomly integrated. Around 1% of DNA-microinjected embryos resulted in the production of transgenic pigs. Although cloned pigs derived from reconstructed embryos fused nucleus donor cells or injected nuclei of differentiated cells were eventually produced, the ability to develop to term was also very low. However, the successful development of nuclear transfer in the pig has opened the way for the application of gene targeting technologies including gene knockouts. Porcine embryo manipulation, culture and in vitro production have detrimental effects on the ability of the embryos to develop to term. The viability of porcine embryos manipulated or produced in vitro is lower than that ot non-manipulated or in vivo derived embryos.
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