Inheritance of fruit ripening time and an efficient breeding for early-ripening cultivars in peach (Prunus persica Batsch)
2000
Sakuma, N. (Fukushima-ken. Fruit Tree Experiment Station (Japan)) | Matsuno, H. | Yamaga, H.
Ripening time of peach fruit has been one of the most commercially important breeding traits. To clarify in-heritance of ripening time in peach, we investigated the distributions for fruit development period (FDP) using twenty-one families (Table 1) and their parental cultivars (Table 2). As the result of analysis of variance, the ratio of yearly variance was low for FDP (Table 4). This low ratio indicated that the year effect for FDP is small and FDP can be evaluate in a short period. The distribution patterns of progenies were partial to early side in most of families, and family mean were earlier than mid-parent in many families (Table 1). However, the distribution pattern in each family continuous. For these reasons, ripening time of peach was assumed to be quantitative trait controlled by polygene and genes which have dominance effects. Negative correlation was observed between mid-parent and the frequency of early ripening seedlings in the progeny families (Fig.3). This fact indicates that it is important to shorten mid-parental value for making progeny populations with high proportion of early ripening seedlings. In peach breeding programs, in case of using early season cultivar as seed parent, embryo culture has been used to overcome the low percentage of germination in hybrid seeds. However, the efficiency of seedling estab-lishment by embryo culture was low, when FDP of seed parent was below 90 (Table 6). Therefore, in case of using early season cultivar as seed parent, it is necessary to increase the number of crossing for securement of seedlings.
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