Pharmacognostic study of Thai medicinal plants part 2 Cymbopagon nardus Rendle leaves, Piper retrofractum Vahl. fruits and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves
2000
Sirintorn Phisutthanan | Nisit Phisutthanan
Methods of this study included microscopic study, phytochemical preliminary test, qualitative evaluation and tin-layer chromatography. The characteristic tissues of Citronella Grass leaves were unicellular trichomes and rectangular epidermal cells with sinuous walls. The stomata index was 29.17-30.95 (average 30.06). The phytochemical preliminary test showed green precipitate with Ferric Chloride T.S. The percentage of loss on drying was not more than 11.6 percent while ethanol and water-soluble extractive were not less than 7.4 percent and 16 percent respectively. The suitable solvent system of thin-layer chromatography was chloroform : methanol : hexane (80:7:2). The characteristic tissues of Long pepper fruits were pentagonal shaped starch granules and mesocarp of sclereids. The phytochemical preliminary test gave only a positive result with Liebermann-Burchard test. The percentage of loss on drying was not more than 12.7 percent while ethanol and water-soluble extractive were not less than 9.6 percent and 14 percent, respectively. The suitable solvent system of thin-layer chromatography was chloroform : hexane : methanol (32:2:1). The characteristic tissue of Guava leaves were unicellular trichomes, paracytic and anomocytic stomata, rosette aggregate and prisms shaped calcium oxalate crystals and epidermis cells with thicken walls. The stomata index was 19.14-22.02 (average 20.58). The phytochemical preliminary test gave positive result with Shinoda's test, Ferric Chloride T.S., Liebermann-Burchard test, Forth test and Borntrager's test. The percentage of loss on drying was not more than 10.4 percent while ethanol and water-soluble extractive were not less than 16.4 percent and 19.6 percent, respectively. The suitable solvent system of thin-layer chromatography was chloroform : methanol (23:2). These characters and specific values might be used for the identification and quality assessment of Citronella Grass leaves, Long pepper fruits and Guava leaves.
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