Research and development of the single-cross hybrid corn suwan 3601
1999
Chokechai Aekatasanawan | Chamaiphon Ekthatsanawan | Noppong Chulchoho | Chatpong Balla (Kasetsart Univ., Bangkok (Thailand). Inseechandrastitya Institute for Crop Research and Development. National Corn and Sorghum Research Center)
Single-cross hybrid corn has high potential for increasing an average yield per hectare and total product for national consumption and export. The objective of this research was to improve a single-cross hybrid which produced at least 10 percent higher yield than Suwan 3101, a three-way cross. Suwan 3601, a single cross, was developed from Ki44 or KS6(S)C2-S8-366 crossed with Ki45 or [(Ki21 * Tzi15)-S2*ki21]-S8-36-2-2-2. Results of trials in corn belt areas over 5 years (1992-1996) revealed that Suwan 3601 gave average grain yields from 6,662 to 9,545 kg/ha. These were higher than Suwan 3101 by 13.7 percent, Suwan 3504 (a commercial single cross) by 4.5 percent, and suwan 1(S)C11 by 37.8 percent from 32 (3yr.), 101 (5yr.), and 47 (3yr.) experiments, respectively. From results of three years (1993-1995), suwan 3601 gave regression coefficients in the range of 0.97-1.25 which indicated that it could adapt well under unfavorable to optimum environments. Its performance was similar to Suwan 3504, i.e., days to 50 percent silk (52 days), plant and ear heights (181 cm, respectively), stalk lodging (5 percent), leaf disease resistance (rating score 1.4), plants having poor husk (10 percent), rotten ears (3 percent), number of ears per plant (102 percent), and shelling percentage (82.5 percent). Furthermore, it resisted to corn downy mildew and possessed orange-yellow and semi-flint of grain type. The National Corn and Sorghum Research Center released Suwan 3601 to public and private sectors in 1995.
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