Atmospheric precipitation near Lublin (Poland) versus rainfall needs of cultivable plants
2003
Kolodziej, J. | Liniewicz, K. | Bednarek, H. (Akademia Rolnicza, Lublin (Poland). Katedra Agrometeorologii)
The present paper characterizes the degree of providing for the rainfall needs for 12 cultivable plant species: spring barley, oats, spring wheat, winter wheat, winter rye, faba bean, pea, red clover, alfalfa, yellow lupine, sugar beet, fodder beet, potato-late, potato-early, and winter rape. Rainfalls were measured at 1 m height above the ground surface with the Hellmann's rain gauge. Mean precipitation sums were analysed from the 1st 10 days of April till the 2nd 10 days of October in the years 1951-00. The highest mean rainfall sum (29 mm) occurred on the 3rd 10 days of July, the lowest rainfall (12.3 mm) occurred two times: on the 2nd 10 days of April and the 3rd 10 days of October. Temporal variability of the 10 day's rainfall sums was the greatest in October, while in May it was the lowest. Significant differences between 10 day's rainfall needs of plants and the rainfall sums were estimated with the t-Student test. The study period, i.e. 1951-00 was sectioned into 10-year intervals and temporal variation of the phenomenon discussed was analysed. Mean rainfall sums from the entire period appeared too small as compared with the rainfall needs of all the considered plants. In the whole 50-year period, the most favourable conditions as far as water needs are concerned were found for cereals, somewhat worse in case of root crops, followed by papilionaceous, while the worst was among oil plants. In successive ten-year periods the highest rainfall sum occurred in the years 1971-80, and the lowest in the following period, i.e. 1981-90. Such differentiation affected the number of statistically significant rainfall deficits in those periods. It the period 1971-80 they constituted 12.5 percent of all the data, while in 1981-90 they reached 40.0 percent of the data. In the whole study period (1951-00) the rainfall water deficits most often occurred in the 2nd 10 days' period of June and in the 1st of July. These might appear unfavourable for root crops. Basing on the analysis of successive ten-year periods, it can be stated that water deficits most often occurred both in the 2nd and the 3rd 10 days' periods of May and June
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