Effect of temperature on inflorescence development and floral biology of mango (Mangifera indica L.)
1999
Hetherington, S.E. | Vithanage, V. | Smith, M.K. | Whiley, A.W. | Sukhvibul, N.(University of Queensland (Australia). School of Land and Food)
Trees of two mono-embryonic (Irwin and Sensation) and two poly-embryonic (Nam Dok Mai and Kensington) mango cultivars were exposed to winter temperatures to induce flowering. They were subsequently transferred into controlled environment glasshouse rooms under day/night temperature regimes of 15/5, 20/10, 25/15 and 30/20 deg C for 20 weeks. Inflorescence development only occurred on trees that were maintained at the warmer temperatures (20/10, 25/15 and 30/20 deg C). Higher temperatures generally increased the inflorescence size while there was an inverse effect on the mean number of flowers per inflorescence with 619.6 at 20/10 deg C decreasing to 431.3 at 30/20 deg C. Style length and stigma with of all cultivars were reduced when trees were held at 20/10 deg C compared to trees held at either 25/15 or 30/20 deg C. Trees of Kensington grown at 20/10 deg C mainly produced flowers which had short styles (0.62 mm) and small stigmas (0.09 mm while Nam Dok Mai and Irwin trees produced some flowers which had deformed ovaries or fused ovaries. Floral changes which occur in poly-embryonic cultivars when inflorescences develop under low temperatures (20/10 deg C), are likely factors contribution to their low fruit set when grown in subtropical climates.
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