Tracheal wash technique for the diagnosis of lower respiratory diseases in dogs
2004
Ann Sompoprungroj(Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Veterinary Sciences) | Napaporn Chuchaisri(Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Veterinary Sciences) | Pravit Ritaium(Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Veterinary Sciences) | Churee Pramatwinai(Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Dept. of Veterinary Surgery) | Ratanaporn Brahmasa(Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Veterinary Medicine) | Roongroje Thanawongnuwech(Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Veterinary Pathology) | Indhira Kramomtong(Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Veterinary Microbiology) | Waree Niyomtham(Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Veterinary Microbiology)
Aim of the study was to develop a technique for the diagnosis of lower respiratory diseases. The dogs in this study were divided into two groups: a control group consisted of 10 healthy dogs and the second group consisted of 10 clinically dogs which had signs of lower respiratory disease. The tracheal wash (TW) was performed using either a percutaneous or an endotracheal technique. The diagnosis made for the 10 sick dogs was pneumonia (6/10) with the etiology identified as bacterial (4), bacterial and fungal (1), and unidentified (1), canine distemper (1), extragenital transmissible venereal tumor (1) and inconclusive (2). No serious post-operative signs were evident after TW. The microbiological results from the control group showed that Moraxella spp. (25 percent) and alpha-hemolysis Streptococcus spp. (20 percent) were the bacteria isolated most frequently. Moraxella spp. (20 percent) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (20 percent) were commonly isolated from dogs with clinical evidence of lower respiratory disease. The results of the antimicrobial sensitivity testing, in vitro indicated that the most effective drug against gram positive bacteria was cefoxitin (100 percent) whereas norfloxacin (100 percent) was the most effective drug against gram negative bacteria. In the cytological study on both the healthy and the clinically ill dogs, ciliated columnar and squamous epithelium, white blood cells, such as macrophages, small lymphocytes and neutrophils were found. The number of inflammatory cells encountered in the healthy dogs were less than in the sick dogs. The findings suggest that TW is a useful method to aid in the diagnosis of lower respiratory diseases. This technique is often preferable because it is relatively inexpensive, safe and noninvasive.
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