Evaluation of some commerecial varieties of sweet cherry in partial resistance to bacterial canker disease and determination of biochemical markers of resistance
2004
Ghasemi, Abolghasem | Ghasemi, A | Gohahrkhay, Sh | Bozari, N | Dashtaki, A.R
The bacterial canker disease of stonefruits has been prevalent in all main areas where fruit trees are raised, being one of the most important diseases of stone fruits, including sweetcherry, in many of the regions of raising such trees. Since sweetcherry's suseptability to the disease is dependent upon its species, it would be an appropriate strategy to use those species that are most resistant. Biochemical markers can be utilized as part of the resistance mechanism and as a reliable tool to forecast needed resistance to the disease. In this research process, different species of sweetcherry were studied as to their resistance to the disease, then peroxidase, Polphenoloxidase, Catalase and super oxid dismutase enzymes were studied in the interaction between sweetcherry and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (PSS) bacteria and their dependency on the resistance of bacterial canker was studied. Different species of sweetcherry showed a wide variety in terms of suseptability to bacterial canker disease. Some species like Shoaosaltaneh, SiaheMashhad, BlamarkadePishras, Shabestar, Hajuosefi, Napelon, DirraseItalia, RoodChoon and Ghazvin showed more resistance in comparison to others. Hibrid 1 Karadj, SiaheDaneshkadeh, Hamedan, Lambert, GhermezeRezaieh, Mashhad, ZardeDaneshkadeh, Arak, Abrdeh, and Mikers were categorized as semiresistant. BloddyBarbon and GhermezeBagheno were categorized suseptible, though no species of sweetcherry was completely resistant. According to the results of the testing of soluble proteins in samples of sweetcherry, there was observed an increase in the amount of the protein of the juice of the samples contaminated with PSS. Due to the contamination with PSS of the leaves of fairly resistant species and, to some extent, the leaves of semi-resistant, depending on the entire protein of the solution and the fresh weight of tissue. The results of the assessment of the activity of proxidase suggests that the activity of this enzyme in the contaminated tissue is more than its activity in the healthy tissues and it is more observed in the fairly resistant species than in other ones. In the isozymic proxidase pattern, various species showed similar isozymic bands. In terms of molecular weight, there was little difference among isozymes of various species. The isozymes were proved to be of the anionic type, being intercellular and involved in the legninizing of the cell wall. It can be said that in this system of host-pathogen, there is a meaningful relevance between the activity of proxidase and resistance to the disease. The polyphenoloxidase enzyme was induced to activity and it increased in amount, though in resistant species. The activity of this enzyme was much more in the contaminated tissues of rather than in healthy ones, indicating the activation of resistance response of the plant to the pathogen. Electroforeze gel polyacrilamid of various species of sweetcherry showed a similar pattern. and#1641and#1633No cationic isosymes was observed among various species. Regarding the activity of the polyphenoloxidase enzyme in the oxidation of phenols to quinons and the ligninization of the tissue, the role of this enzyme in the resistance to bacterial canker disease seems to be certain.Also Catalase enzym activity in contaminated and healthy samples was negative and we didn`t any relation of the activity of superoxid dismutase and resisance as a biochemical markers for determination of cherry varieties resistanc in this research.
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