Investigating and evaluating of morphophysiological and ecological effective characteristics on competition between wheat and weeds.
2004
Baghestani Meibodi, Mohammad Ali | Pour azar, Reza | Jafar nejad, Ahmad | Atri, Ali Reza
In order the study to competitive ability of winter wheat genotypes against weeds, a three years trail was conducted as preliminary (1999) and complementary (2000-2001) experiments at three locations: weed research station of Plant Pest and Disease Research Institute (Karaj), Shavoor agricultural research station (Khozestan), and Naishaboor agricultural research station (Khorasan). The preliminary experiment was carried out in a randomized completed block design (RCBD) with four replications. The arrangement of treatments was a factorial experiment. Treatments included twelve genotypes of wheat at two levels (weedy or weed free). The results of preliminary experiment in Karaj showed that wheat genotypes 6618, M-75-13, M-75-15 were selected as more competitive (MC) and Alamoot, Ghafghaz and M-75-5 were less competitive (LC) genotypes. At Khozestan agricultural research station, the cultivars Ghamran, 20 Sarasari, and the line of 3709 were selected as MC cultivars. Also, the wheat genotypes Kavir, Atrak, and Darab 2 were selected as LC wheat cultivars. The complementary experiment was conducted as a RCBD with four replications. Treatments included six wheat genotypes (in Naishaboor 7 cultivars) at three weedy levels (Goldbachia laviegata, Avena ludoviciana and weed free control in Karaj, Eruca sativa, Avena ludoviciana and weed free control in Naishaboor, and in Shavoor, Phalaris minor, Sinapis arvensis and weed free control). The results of complementary experiment in Karaj indicated that wheat MC genotypes can be distinguished from LC ones with height canopy, total fertile stem, leaf area index (LAI), cumulative total dry matter (CTDM), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR). These criteria can be used in plant breeding program for screening MC genotypes from LC ones against weeds. The same results obtained from Khozestan complementary experiments. Results of Naishaboor complementary experiments indicated that, in presence of Eruca sativa, wheat criteria such as the duration time for arriving to half maximum height, LAI, tillering capasity and the rate of tillering early in the season, and in presence of wild oats, the characteristics such as distribution of leaf area in canopy, and canopy height were the more important characteristics for competitive ability of wheat against two mentioned weeds. Results of all experiments indicated that CI was a suitable index for determination of MC from LC wheat genotypes.
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