Nematophagous fungi and their effect on the larval development of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats (Capra hircus L.)
2004
Adhikari, B.B.
Nematophagous fungi were isolated from dung samples of different animal species. Only 30% of the total samples showed four different types of fungi, namely network-forming fungus, fungus with constricting rings, knob-bearing fungus and endoparasitic fungus. These fungi were designated as SM BBA1, Dactylaria sp. BBA2, Dactylaria sp. BBA1, and Harposperium sp. BBA1, respectively. The occurrence of each type of fungus, isolated from each animal species was below 31%. Dactylaria sp. BBA1 caught larvae by inward swelling of the cells present in the ring. Larvae got stuck in outer surface of the knobs of Dactylaria sp-BBA2. Harposperium sp. BBA1 showed no special organ for trapping. Three experiments were performed to determine the effect of different levels of spores of Dactylaria sp. BBA1 on larval development of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes of goats in fecal cultures. Addition of different number of spores (0,600,3000,6000 spores per gramless o f feces) in the feces of naturally infected goats significantly (p0.05) reduced the number of larvae. The experiment on the constant level of spore and increased level of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces indicated that an increased EPG count in feces is directly proportional to the percentage survival of larvae. The effect of four different levels of egg to spore concentration (1:0, 1:1,1:5 and 1:10) in the feces was highly significant (p less 0.01) as indicated by the reduction of larval population up to 89.8%. There was a considerable change in the composition of larval genera before and after mixing of spores in fecal cultures. Strongyloides were most frequently trapped by the fungus possibly due to their more slender body, which appeared to be suitable for entrapment inside the ring.
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