Advance in agronomical traits in Czecho-Slovak winter wheat varieties reaslised in 1923-1995
2003
Uzik, M.,Vyskumny ustav rastlinnej vyroby, Piestany (Slovak Republic) | Zofajova, A.
In the pot experiment, nine winter wheat varieties (Slovenska 777, Kasticka bezosina, Slovenska B, Diana I, Kosutka, Hana, llona, Livia, Solida), realised in a period covering 1923-1995, were tested at three levels of irrigation and two levels of N-nutrition. Plant height, length and width of flag leaf, plant weight, number and weight grain per ear, thousand grain weight were evaluated. Modern varieties had lower plant height, greater number of grain per ear, larger thousand grain weight and higher harvest index than older ones. There were no significant differences in plant weight among varieties. Modern varieties were more drought tolerant and responsible ta moisture, especially in generative traits. Breeding progress manifested itself not only in the increased grain yield per ear, but also in drought tolerance and more effective moisture utilisation. In the droughty environment, harvest index decreased from 24% to 43.6% in older varieties and from 46.6% to 92.2% in modern ones in comparison to the optimal regime of irrigation.
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