[Cytological study of somaclonal variability inclonal apple rootstocks in vitro and in vivo]
2007
Zmushko, A.A., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Potato, Vegetable and Fruit Growing (Belarus). Institute for Fruit Growing
Mutability of apple rootstocks (54-118, 62-396 and PB-4) grown in vitro and in vivo conditions was evaluated. Anaphase method of genetic stability study was applied. It was stated that studied rootstocks do not display genetic variability detected by the given method. It corresponds to literature data about high genetic stability of apple tissue, including in vitro. It has been supposed that set of factors of introduction and maintenance in culture in vitro will render mutagen effect on studied rootstocks of apple-tree. Vegetative hormones of auxin, cytokinine and gibberellin group were in structure of nutrient medium for propagation. It is known, that phytoharmones influencing on process of cell propagation of plants (such as auxine and and cytokinine) can be considered as mutagen agents. However carried out research have not allowed to reveal increase in mutability of studied rootstocks of an apple-tree in conditions in vitro in comparison with the rootstocks cultivated by traditional methods (in vivo). For cells in a stage of anaphase rootstock PB-4, cells of the rootstock 54-118 and cells 62-396 which have been grown up in conditions in vivo, it was not possible to find out any cell with breach of anaphase of cellular division. Anaphases of cellular division occur normally, without formation of abberate structures. Similar results have been received for the studied stocks which have been grown up in conditions in vitro
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