Utility of coal combustion clinker ash as a sub material in cattle manure composting
2007
Minato, K.(Hokkaido. Animal Research Center, Shintoku (Japan)) | Watanobe, K. | Tamura, T. | Abe, H.
This study was conducted to examine the utility of clinker ash produced after coal combustion as a sub material in cattle manure composting. In a control treatment (Tr 0%), cattle manure was mixed with sawdust to adjust the moisture content to 70%. Sawdust used in the control treatment (Tr 0%) was replaced by clinker ash at the rate of 10%, 30%, and 50% (v/v) as Tr 10%, Tr 30%, and Tr 50%, respectively, and each sub material mixture was mixed with cattle manure. About 0.54cubic m of each manure-sub-material mixture was piled in the composting apparatus. The experiment was carried out in both the summer and winter seasons. The maximum pile temperature of Tr 50% was lower than that of Tr 0% in both experiments. The maximum temperature of the piles in the summer was similar between treatments except for Tr 50%; in contrast, the temperatures in the winter tended to be lower as the clinker ash addition rate increased. However, the accumulated pile temperatures of Tr 10% and Tr 30% were similar to or higher than Tr 0%. In addition, the temperature of the decomposing organic matter showed a tendency similar to that of the accumulated pile during both seasons. At the start of the experiment, the larger clinker ash addition rates resulted in higher bulk densities (about 370, 400, 490 and 550 kg/cubic m for Tr 0%, Tr 10%, Tr 30% and Tr 50%, respectively). A lower ratio of decomposed organic matter in the Tr 50% seemed to be due to a decrease in air permeability with an increase in bulk density. These results indicate that clinker ash can be used as an alternative sub material for sawdust in cattle manure composting. However, larger clinker ash additions suppressed composting because of a higher bulk density. Therefore, we suggest that at the start of composting clinker ash can replace up to 30% (v/v) of sawdust, or 500 kg/cubic m of bulk density.
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