Gross and histopathologic lesions of the internal organs of catfish (Clarias gariepinus), tilapia (Oreochromis niloctinus) and Bighead carp (Aristhicthys nobilis) subjected to waste water with varying levels of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
2007
Marte, B.R.G., Philippines Univ. Los Banos, College, Laguna (Philippines). Dept. of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences
An experiment was conducted to determine the gross and histopathologic changes in the gills, liver and spleen of catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and Bighead Carp (Aristhicthys nobilis) subjected to swine effluents of varying degrees of biological oxygen demand (BOD). Each species of fish were equally divided and classified into four treatment groups. Treatment 1 had 719 +- 94 mg/L BOD, treatment 2 had 190 mg/L BOD, and treatment 3 had 57 +- 19 mg/L BOD and control had 1.3 mg/L BOD. Gross lesions observed into the gills were congestion, increased presence of mucus and paleness. The liver lesions were congestion, hemorrhage and enlargement. Congestion, hemorrhage and edema were circulatory lesions found in the kidney. There was congestion, enlargement and atrophy observed in the spleen. The hispathologic lesions found in the gills were congestion, hemorrhage, hyperlasia, fusion of the secondary lamellae, lamellar aneurysm, clubbing, and epithelial lifting. Lesions in the liver were necrosis, cloudy swelling, increased granularity, and congestion. Lesions in the spleen were necrosis and hemosiderosis. Microscopic lesions found in the kidney included congestion, hemorrhage, hemosiderosis, degeneration and necrosis. Fish submerged in waste water with high BOD concentration (Treatment Groups were found to have the highest degree of lesions. The results of the study show the strong influences of high BOD in the development of pathologic lesions in the three species of fish.
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