Useful functional properties of yam (Dioscorea spp.) flours in the food industry in relation to species, genotypes, origin, and growing conditions
2007
Salda, V.B., Benguet State Univ., La Trinidad, Benguet 2601 (Philippines). Northern Philippine Root Crops Research and Training Center
Different food quality profiles were exhibited by flour of 160 genotypes of Dioscorea alata, D. esculenta,D. hispida, D.pentaphylla, and D. rotundata. Overall mean protein, ash, and total starch contents were 5.7 percent, 1.6 percent, and 55.9 percent, respectively, but highly dependent on the genotypes, species, origin, and growing conditions. Introduced D. alata from Puerto Rico gave a mean of 6.7 percent protein, 2 percent ash, and 55.1 percent total starch contents. Wild D. pentaphylla from the Benguet State University (BSU), Philippines identically gave high 2.1 percent ash content with 6.4 percent protein but lower starch content of 51.6 percent. The lowest mean of 3.4 percent protein and 0.8 percent ash with moderately high total starch of 59.2 percent was shown by detoxified D. hispida. Among the genotypes, the highest 10.2 percent protein content was in genotypes BSU 128. Species D. alata and D. esculenta grown in different locations have widely different physico-chemical properties. Total starch and protein contents were higher in yams harvested in Philippine farm habitat than the Hong Kong (HK) grown yams. Strong correlations in protein content with ash, flour swelling volume (FSV), hot paste viscosity (HPV), and cool paste or final viscosity (CPV) were found in BSU flours, especially D. alata, but not in HK-grown D. rotundata, D. esculenta, D. alata of the Visayas State College of Agriculture(ViSCA, now Leyte State University), and in combined analysis of all D. alata genotypes. Correlation of protein with L*, a*, and b* was also marked in BSU flours but not in HK-grown genotypes, with L* color in Nigerian D. rotundata and with a* in combined D. alata genotypes from all sources. Variation in total starch was more due to genotypic differences, correlating with FSV only in HK-grown BSU D. alata.
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