Irrigation as a countermeasure for sugar beet yield decreases during dry years on light soils
2005
Rzekanowski, C. | Zarski, J. | Dudek, S. | Rolbiecki, S. | Rolbiecki, R.,Akademia Techniczno-Rolnicza, Bydgoszcz (Poland). Katedra Melioracji i Agrometeorologii
Without supplemental irrigation the lowest yields of sugar beet roots were noted in dry years, better in average years and the highest in wet years. Under irrigation the highest yields of sugar beet roots were harvested in wet yearsand the lowest in dry years. Between two yield-forming factors studied, irrigation had a stronger impact on crops. Irrigation increased the yield by 15.1 to 18.4 t/ha in comparison with the control, depending on the dose of fertilizers. The strongest differentiation of yields caused by irrigation was noted in dry years when the yield increment amounted from 24.4 (N1 - 90 kg N/ha) to 28.6 t/ha (N2 - 150 kg/ha). Higher nitrogen dose had no effect under control conditions but in the case of irrigation the dose of 150 kg N/ha caused an increase of yield by 2.5 t/ha as compared with that of 90 kg N/ha. Dry matter yield of roots increased from dry to wet years on control plots. Opposite tendency was found on irrigated plots. The best conditions for the highest yield occurred in wet years on control plots and in average years on irrigated plots. Roots harvested from irrigated plots were characterized by the lowest mean weight in average years and by the highest one in dry years, irrespective of the nitrogen dose. In the case of control plots, roots of the highest weight developed in wet years and those of the lowest weight - in dry years. Dry years favoured the occurrence of large amounts of deformed roots in soils of weak rye complex. Irrigation was the main factor improving the features of roots. It caused a decrease of the percentage of deformed roots from 4.4 (N1) to 7.0 percent (N2) on average. Higher nitrogen dose (N2) had smaller effect (a decrease by 1.6 percent)
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