Minimum standards of cattle housing conditions and welfare
2007
Hristov, S., Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd - Zemun (Serbia) | Vucinic, M., Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd (Serbia) | Maksimovic, N., Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd - Zemun (Serbia) | Stankovic, B., Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd - Zemun (Serbia)
In the review paper most important aspects of husbandry conditions and welfare of cattle on the basis of literature data and investigations of authors are described. Cattle are raised worldwide in situations that vary form extensive grazing to closely confined and housed animals. The basic needs of the animals must be met, irrespective of the nature of the husbandry or farming system. These basic needs are: adequate quantity and quality of feed, water and air to maintain good health, appropriate social contact with other cattle, sufficient space to stand, lie down, turn around, stretch and groom and to perform normal patterns of behaviour, protection from disease or injury, and appropriate treatment if they occur, and in any case protection from unnecessary or inreasonable pain, suffering or injury. Also there are needs to protection of cattle from the effects of extremes of climate or unseasonal changes in weather conditions. Special attention to ensure adequate management of nutrition is required to protect welfare of high milk production cow. Animal welfare consideration should be included in quality assurance programs.
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