[Agroecological condition of chernozem soils in connection with producing of normative products in intensive apple plantations]
2007
Dubovik, V. A. | Trunov, I. A.,Michurinsk State Agrarian Univ., Michurinsk (Russian Federation)
07-8319 The Central Chernozem region is area of domestic apple fruits growing. The chernozem soils are concentrated there. However, in modern conditions occurs a degradation of chernozem soil fertility. The reasons of negative changes are anthropogenic loading on ecosystems, strengthened man-caused rejections in an environment, reduction of provision of mineral and organic fertilizers. All of this strengthens negative balance of chemical elements for plant nutrition, reduces realization of genetic potential of plants, and pollutes soil with heavy metals and radionuclides. The greatest danger is represented with mercury, cadmium, lead. The degree of their negative influence on garden plants depends on set of factors: aggressions of pollutant, phenophase of plants during rejection or a critical level of a reagent, temperature during the growing period and interseasonal stocks of moisture in soil, etc. The mainstream in developing of domestic horticulture is adaptive horticulture. The basic components of this system are a level of effective use of ecological potential of soil and plants, a level of productive forces and production relations development, rational application of scientific and technical achievements, performance of requirements of wildlife management, securing of economic benefit. Agroecological estimation of territory is necessary for rational placing of horticulture. Soil conditions are the basis of efficiency and normative cleanliness of apple fruits. Ecological aspects of accumulation of biogenic elements and heavy metals in soils, the contents and a role of dangerous chemicals in system the soil — plant, a radiological estimation of chernozem soil condition, toxycometry of chemical substances and radionuclides testifies the necessity of carrying out an urgent complex researches and perfection of normative requirements to chernozem soils for producing ecological products in conditions of the Central Chernozem region of Russia.
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