[Chemistry of complex land improvement in Nonchernozem Region]
2006
Filippova, T.E., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Agricultural Use of the Improved Land, Tver Region (Russian Federation) | Kovalev, N.G. (ed.)
The results of long-term complex melioration researches in Nonchernozem Region are presented. The fertilizer application at bog-podzol soil improvement provided increase of cereal crops, potato, perennial grass hay productivity on 30-35, 20-25 and 40-45% respectively. Thus labour inputs and fund decreased on 15-20% in comparison with the base ones. The maximal acidity decrease was reached by entering lime rates of 0,5 hydrolitic acidity (HA). The increase of productivity of fibre flax straw at mineral and lime fertilizer applying was 27-45 %, if N, P, K reactants were 15, 45 and 45 kg per ha respectively. Optimum рH parameters were: for barley-4.5-6.5, for clover -5.5-6.4, winter wheat -6.1-6.3, potato-4.5-6.5, fibre flax-4.7-6.6, oats-5.2-6.4. The aftereffect from lime applying at 1 HA and maximal fertilizer input depend from relief types (principle of soil dissimilarity): on a top part of slope HA was 1,28 and at its bottom it was 0,96 mg-eq./100 g soil. The maximal fertilizer input was on watersheds, it was in 2-4 times less downhill. Mineral fertilizers gave an increase of total efficiency: 86-128% on eluvial, 31-34% on through and eluvial, 20-22% on through and accumulative relief elements. Power efficiency coefficient of lime application (at 0,5 HA) was: 6.5 at flat tops, 5.2 at a slope top part , 6.7 at a slope bottom part, 2.0, 1.8 and 0.7 respectively at mineral fertilizers. Optimum humus content was up to 1,5%, the one of nitrogen up to 6 %, the one of mobile phosphorus and metathetical (metabolic) potassium up to 6-8 mg-eq/100 g soil for a plough layer of bog-podzolic soils on a watershed. These parameters increased in 2-3 times at bottom of slopes. Higher plant resistance to diseases (except for bacteriosis of fibre flax and potato scab) at neutralization of soil acidity was found. Ca and Mn losses at outflow in first two years after drainage was 38.4 and 18.1 kg/ha on light clay soils and 49.1 and 91 kg/ha on sandy loams; maximum permissible concentrations of these elements in drainage waters did not exceed within the next 13-15 years
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